Acute peritonitis and peritonitis symptoms

A SERIOUS CONDITION IN WHICH THE INSIDE WALL OF THE BODY BECOMES SWOLLEN AND INFECTED 

ACUTE PERITONITIS 

Peritonitis is an inflammatory or suppurative response of the peritoneal lining to direct irritation.It haw be decentralised or unspecialised bacterial or chemical.Localized peritonitis is due to transmural inflammation of aviscus ,e.g. accent appendicitis ,acute cholecystitis .acute diverticulitis .It haw remain decentralised by being contained by omentalwrapping or adhesion of conterminous structures .In some cases ,however ,it becomes unspecialised ,spreading to involve the whole peritoneum .Sudden perforation of a viscus usually results in unspecialised peritonitis.

In this case , the patient is usually seriosly ill .Hypovolemia results from large oozing into the peritoneal decay and septicemia haw result if the cause is infective .eg faecal peritonitis due to perforated diverticulitis.Chemical peritonitis results from viscus or pancreatic juice ,bile ,urine ,or blood in the peritoneal decay .Bile causes lowercase reaction if it is sterile ,but can cause a nonindulgent peritonitis if it is infected or mixed with pancreatic juice.Blood and urine ,again ,cause lowercase raction if sterile ,but a nonindulgent reaction usually results if thy are infected.

CAUSES OF PERITONITIS 

It haw be ACUTE OR CHRONIC

In Acute cases we crapper categarize BACTERIAL and CHEMICAL and we boost cypher in PRIMARY And SECONDARY. 

Primary are rare but crapper due to streptococcus ,Pneumococcus ,haematogenous spread occurs in young girls ,ascites ,nephrotic syndrome and post-splenectomy .

Secondary is common related to perforation ,infection ,inflammation or anaemia of the GIT or GU tract. In chemical culprits are  Gastric juice e.g cut gastric ulcer.
Pancreatic juice e.g accent pancreatitis .
Bile e.g cut gall bladder.
Blood e.g damaged spleen.
Urine e.g intraperitoneal break of the bladder.

In CHRONIC cases allow Tuberculosis and Starch ( medicine activity )

CLINICAL FEATURES

Most patients with rubor module hit abdominal pain and a fever. Also, they commonly already hit Ascites (a build-up of changeful within their stomach) and a distended stomach.  Peritonitis haw or haw not drive the breadbasket to be more distended than normal.

Some patients module hit nausea, vomiting, expiration of appetite, and coefficient loss.  Which of these symptoms are inform depends on the drive of the problem. Many patients with Ascites also hit liver problems.  When these patients develop peritonitis, they often undergo deterioration in mental status because of the build-up of toxic substances in their blood.

Patients with tuberculous rubor hit low-grade fever, expiration of appetite, and coefficient loss. Often, their Ascites module develop slowly.

In patients with cancer, the cancer crapper spread to the peritoneum (the abdominal cavity).  If this happens, it triggers a activity and causes the accumulation of fluid.  This crapper drive an abnormal increase in the size of the abdomen, expiration of appetite, and lack of energy. If there is a large amount of changeful within the breadbasket cavity, the enduring haw hit trouble breathing because the lungs cannot expand normally.  Also, changeful haw country the intestine and not allow food to pass through.Examination by a doctor commonly reveals compassionateness of the abdomen, and fever.

DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS 

A diagnosis of rubor is based primarily on the clinical manifestations described above. If rubor is strongly suspected, then surgery is performed without further retard for another investigations. Leukocytosis, hypokalemia, hypernatremia and acidosis haw be present, but they are not specific findings. Abdominal X-rays haw expose dilated, edematous intestines, though such X-rays are mainly multipurpose to countenance for pneumoperitoneum, an indicator of gastrointestinal perforation. The role of whole-abdomen ultrasound examination is under think and is likely to expand in the future. Computed tomography (CT or CAT scanning) haw be multipurpose in differentiating causes of abdominal pain. If reasonable uncertainty ease persists, an exploratory peritoneal lavage or laparoscopy haw be performed. In patients with ascites, a diagnosis of rubor is prefabricated via paracentesis (abdominal tap): more than 250 polymorphonucleate cells per μL is considered diagnostic. In addition, Gram bactericide and culture of the peritoneal fluid can watch the microrganism responsible and watch their sensibility to antimicrobial agents........ read more